Ford Escape: Climate Control System - General Information / Description and Operation - Climate Control System - Vehicles With: Dual Automatic Temperature Control (DATC) - System Operation and Component Description

System Operation

System Diagram

Network Message Charts

  Module Network Input Messages - IPC

  Module Network Input Messages - PCM

  Module Network Input Messages - HVAC Control Module

The Refrigerant Cycle

For information regarding basic HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system refrigerant operation, refer to the current Ford Web Based Technical Training courses. The following diagram shows the refrigerant system state in each component.

The following are characteristics of the DATC system:

• The PCM controls the A/C clutch relay.
• The evaporator temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the air that has passed through the evaporator core and sends a signal to the PCM . If the temperature of the evaporator core discharge air is low enough to cause the condensed water vapor to freeze, the A/C clutch is disengaged by the PCM .
• The line pressure is monitored so that A/C compressor operation is interrupted if the system pressure becomes too high or too low.
• The A/C compressor relief valve opens and vents refrigerant to relieve unusually high system pressure.

Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) Type Refrigerant System

Control System Logic

When the customer directly inputs an A/C request into the HVAC control module, the module sends the request to the GWM over the MS-CAN . The GWM relays the request to the PCM over the HS-CAN1 . The PCM controls the A/C clutch relay.

A/C Request

When the A/C is requested, the HVAC control module sends the message over the MS-CAN to the GWM . The GWM sends the A/C request through the HS-CAN to the PCM .

When an A/C request is received by the PCM , the PCM engages the A/C clutch relay when all of the following conditions are met:

• Excessively high or low refrigerant pressure from the A/C pressure transducer is not detected.
• Ambient air temperature is above approximately 0°C (32°F).
• Engine coolant temperature conditions are within normal parameters.
• Wide Open Throttle (WOT) condition is not present.
• Evaporator temperature is above approximately 1°C (33.8°F).
• Engine torque conditions are within normal parameters.
• Battery state of charge conditions are within normal parameters.

Compressor control and the evaporator temperature are a function of many parameters, not just a straight on/off, to avoid freezing the evaporator. The PCM monitors multiple temperature sensors for correlation including, but not limited to, AAT, CACT, CHT, ECT, IAT, IAT2, MAF, MAPT, TCB and TCIPT Parameter Identifications (PIDs) (as applicable). The PCM runs this logic after an engine off and a calibrated soak period of 6 to 8 hours. This soak period allows the Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) sensor and the other temperature sensors to stabilize and not differ by greater than a calibrated value, typically 18ºC (64.4ºF). If a temperature sensor input is found to be reporting a temperature imbalance the PCM does not allow the A/C clutch to engage.

The PCM monitors the discharge pressure measured by the A/C pressure transducer. The PCM interrupts A/C compressor operation in the event the A/C pressure transducer indicates high system discharge pressures. It is also used to sense low charge conditions. If the pressure is below a predetermined value for a given ambient temperature, the PCM does not allow the A/C clutch to engage

The HVAC control module adjusts the system based on cabin temperature. If equipped with the in-vehicle and humidity sensor, the HVAC control module also adjusts the air inlet door depending on the humidity measured by the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor. If the vehicle cabin becomes too humid and recirculated air is selected, the HVAC control module adjusts the air inlet door to allow more fresh air. When the humidity level drops, it adjusts back to partial recirculated air.

Heating and Ventilation

The heating and ventilation system:

• controls the temperature of the air inside the vehicle.
• reduces the relative humidity of the air inside the vehicle (during A/C compressor operation).
• delivers heated or cooled air to maintain the vehicle interior temperature and comfort level.

The heating and ventilation system uses a reheat method to provide conditioned air to the passenger compartment. Temperature blending is controlled by the temperature doors, which regulate the amount of air that flows through and around the heater core, where it is then mixed and distributed. All airflow from the blower motor passes through the A/C evaporator core.

Vehicles built prior to 2022 model year, are equipped with a cabin heater coolant pump for Auto Start-Stop conditions. The pump is activated by the PCM to maintain the cabin temperature if required when in an Auto Start-Stop condition.

Air Handling

There are 4 door actuators that control the air flow into the passenger compartment:

• Air distribution
• Air inlet
• Driver side temperature
• Passenger side temperature

All of the door actuators contain a reversible electric motor and a potentiometer. The potentiometer circuit consists of a 5-volt reference signal connected to one end of a variable resistor, and a signal ground connected to the other. A signal circuit is connected to a contact wiper, which is driven along the variable resistor by the actuator shaft. The signal to the HVAC control module from the contact wiper indicates the actuator door position. The HVAC control module powers the actuator motors to move the doors to the desired positions. The desired door positions are calculated by the HVAC control module based on the set temperature, in-vehicle temperature (if equipped the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor), and ambient air temperature.

When an airflow mode, desired temperature, fresh air, or recirculation mode is selected, the HVAC control module moves the actuator motor in the desired direction.

The HVAC control module sends a PWM signal to the blower motor control module to regulate the blower speed as necessary. The blower motor control module provides variable ground feed for the blower motor based on the input from the HVAC control module. A delay function provides a gradual increase or decrease in blower motor speed under all conditions.

Air Flow Strategy For Anti Fogging

This vehicle is equipped with an anti fogging feature known as enhanced windshield anti fogging strategy (EWAFS). This feature is based off the input data that is sent from the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor that is mounted near the center top of the windshield typically under the IPMA cover. The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor is hard wired to the HVAC module and supplies the vehicles humidity and temperature to the HVAC module. The module uses that data automatically to adjust the airflow in the cabin to prevent the windshield from fogging up. Below are the feature details and climate control operation based on the vehicles climate control system.

AUTO

When AUTO is selected:

• the HVAC system operates in a manner to achieve and maintain the temperature set by the operator.
• the air inlet door actuator is automatically controlled by the HVAC module based on the temperature setting.
• the mode door actuator is automatically controlled by the HVAC module based on the temperature setting.
• the temperature door is automatically controlled by the HVAC module based on the temperature setting.
• the A/C compressor is automatically controlled by the HVAC control module based on the temperature setting. The A/C compressor does not operate if the outside temperature is below approximately 4ºC (39ºF).
• the blower motor speed is automatically controlled through the blower motor speed control when it receives a PWM signal from the HVAC control module based on the temperature setting, but can be manually adjusted if desired.

OFF

When the system is OFF:

• the air inlet door closes, preventing outside air and allowing only recirculated air.
• the blower motor is off.

Max A/C

When MAX A/C mode is selected:

• the air inlet door closes, preventing outside air and admits only recirculated air.
• the recirculated air indicator is illuminated (recirculated air forced on).
• the A/C button is illuminated.
• the A/C compressor operates if the outside temperature is above approximately 2°C (35.6°F).

PANEL

When PANEL mode is selected:

• the mode doors direct airflow to the instrument panel registers.
• the recirculated air request button can be enabled.
• blended air temperature is available. The airflow temperature can only be cooled below the outside air temperature when the A/C is commanded on.

PANEL-FLOOR

When PANEL-FLOOR mode is selected:

• the mode doors direct airflow to the floor duct and the instrument panel registers. A small amount of airflow from the side window demisters and defrost duct is present.
• the recirculated air request button can be enabled.
• blended air temperature is available. The airflow temperature can only be cooled below the outside air temperature when the A/C is commanded on.

FLOOR

When FLOOR is selected:

• the mode doors direct airflow to the floor duct. A small amount of airflow from the defroster duct and side window demisters is present.
• the recirculated air request button can be enabled.
• blended air temperature is available. The airflow temperature can only be cooled below the outside air temperature when the A/C is commanded on.

FLOOR-DEFROST

When FLOOR-DEFROST is selected:

• the mode doors direct airflow to the floor duct, the defroster duct and the side window demisters.
• the recirculated air request button can be enabled, but can automatically turn off.
• blended air temperature is available. The airflow temperature can only be cooled below the outside air temperature when the A/C is commanded on.

DEFROST

When DEFROST is selected:

• the mode doors direct airflow to the defroster duct and side window demisters. A small amount of airflow from the floor duct is present.
• the recirculated air request button can be enabled, but can automatically turn off.
• the A/C is automatically commanded on and remains on until the system is either turned off or the airflow mode has changed and the A/C button is pressed.
• the A/C compressor operates as long as the outside temperature is above approximately 2°C (35.6°F).

MAX DEFROST

When MAX DEFROST is selected:

• the recirculated air request button is disabled. The air inlet door opens, allowing only outside air into the passenger compartment.
• the air distribution doors operate in combination to direct airflow to the defroster duct and side window demisters. A small amount of airflow from the floor duct is present.
• the A/C is automatically commanded on and remains on until the system is either turned off or the airflow mode has changed and the A/C button is pressed.
• the A/C compressor operates as long as the outside temperature is above approximately 2°C (35.6°F).
• the temperature is set to the highest setting and is not adjustable.
• the fan is set to the highest speed and is not adjustable.
• MAX DEFROST can be exited by pressing the AUTO button.

Remote Start

Remote start is an optional feature available on this vehicle. In addition to being able to start the vehicle remotely, the remote start feature also utilizes other vehicle systems to increase the level of comfort to the vehicle occupants upon entering the vehicle. Additional information on the remote start feature and the other vehicle systems, refer to Owner's Literature.

When the factory remote start feature is used, the DATC system runs at the setting it was set to when the vehicle was last turned off. Set the climate control to operate using the last climate control settings through the information display setting: Remote Start > Climate Control > Heater–A/C > Last Settings. The climate control system automatically uses the settings last selected before the vehicle was turned off. Refer to the Owner's Literature for more information.

Component Description

Component Description

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) Control Module - Dual Automatic Temperature Control (DATC)

The DATC system uses the HVAC control module, and it also controls the outputs for rear window defrost and climate controlled seats. For details on the HVAC control module communication, refer to Control System Logic in this section.

The HVAC control module utilizes a Field-Effect Transistor (FET) protective circuit strategy for its actuator outputs. Output load (current level) is monitored for excessive current (typically short circuits) and is shut down (turns off the voltage or ground provided by the module) when a fault event is detected. A short circuit DTC is stored at the fault event and a cumulative counter is started.

When the demand for the output is no longer present, the module resets the Field-Effect Transistor (FET) circuit protection to allow the circuit to function. The next time the driver requests a circuit to activate that has been shut down by a previous short (Field-Effect Transistor (FET) protection) and the circuit is still shorted, the Field-Effect Transistor (FET) protection shuts off the circuit again and the cumulative counter advances.

When the excessive circuit load occurs often enough, the module shuts down the output until a repair procedure is carried out. The Field-Effect Transistor (FET) protected circuit has 3 predefined levels of short circuit tolerance based on the harmful effect of each circuit fault on the Field-Effect Transistor (FET) and the ability of the Field-Effect Transistor (FET) to withstand it. A module lifetime level of fault events is established based upon the durability of the Field-Effect Transistor (FET). If the total tolerance level is determined to be 600 fault events, the 3 predefined levels would be 200, 400 and 600 fault events

When each tolerance level is reached, the short circuit DTC that was stored on the first failure cannot be cleared by a command to clear the Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). The module does not allow the DTC to be cleared or the circuit to be restored to normal operation until a successful self-test proves that the fault has been repaired. After the self-test has successfully completed (no on-demand Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) present), DTC U1000:00 and the associated DTC (the DTC related to the shorted circuit) automatically clears and the circuit function returns.

When each level is reached, the DTC associated with the short circuit sets along with DTC U1000:00. These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) can be cleared using the module self-test, then the Clear DTC operation on the scan tool. The module never resets the fault event counter to zero and continues to advance the fault event counter as short circuit fault events occur.

If the number of short circuit fault events reach the third level, then Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) U1000:00 and U3000:49 set along with the associated short circuit DTC. DTC U3000:49 cannot be cleared and a new module must be installed after the repair.

The HVAC control module requires Programmable Module Installation (PMI) when it is replaced.

Ambient Air Quality Sensor (if equipped)

The ambient air quality sensor is an input to the HVAC control module. When pollution and bad odors coming from the external environment are detected, the air inlet door automatically closes.

Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) Sensor

The Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) sensor is an input to the PCM . If the outside air temperature is below approximately 0°C (32°F), the PCM does not allow the A/C compressor clutch to engage.

The PCM sends raw ambient air temperature data to the HVAC control module. The HVAC control module filters the raw data, sends it to the APIM and the touchscreen displays the outside temperature.

After replacing an Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) sensor, the sensor data must be reset by following the menu prompts on the FDRS scan tool.
Refer to: Reset the Outside Air Temperature Sensor Learned Values (412-00 Climate Control System - General Information, General Procedures).

A/C Compressor Clutch Assembly

When battery voltage is applied to the A/C compressor clutch field coil, the clutch disc and hub assembly is drawn toward the A/C clutch pulley. The magnetic force locks the clutch disc and hub assembly and the A/C clutch pulley together as one unit, causing the compressor shaft to rotate with the engine. When battery voltage is removed from the A/C compressor clutch field coil, springs in the clutch disc and hub assembly move the clutch disc away from the A/C clutch pulley.

An A/C clutch diode is integrated into the coil for A/C clutch field coil circuit spike suppression.

Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX)

The evaporator inlet and outlet manifold incorporates the Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) and is serviced as an assembly. The Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) combines a section of the A/C suction and liquid refrigerant lines into one component. It uses the cold vapor from the evaporator to cool the hot liquid from the condenser before it enters the Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV). After the Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV), more liquid refrigerant is available for absorbing heat in the evaporator. The result is an increase in cooling and operating efficiency of the HVAC system.

A/C Electric Compressor

NOTE: Refer to Specifications in Group 412 for the appropriate refrigerant and refrigerant oil. The refrigerant and refrigerant oil listed are the only oils to be used as the refrigerant system lubricant for electric vehicles. Addition of any oil other than the referred to oils for the refrigerant system will damage the A/C electric compressor and contaminate the refrigerant system. Use the oil adding procedure specified for this vehicle when installing a new electric compressor. Refer to Refrigerant Oil Adding procedure in Group 412.

NOTE: For HEV and PHEV vehicles, the A/C electric compressor may run and airflow may be felt when the climate control is off to provide cooling to the battery.

The ACCM is an integral part of the A/C electric compressor and cannot be removed from or serviced separately. The ACCM has both low voltage and high voltage connections. The ACCM requires a low voltage system operating voltage between 9 and 16 volts. The ACCM also requires high voltage system operating voltage between 140 and 350 volts. For more ACCM and A/C electric compressor information Refer to: Climate Control System (412-00 Climate Control System - General Information, Diagnosis and Testing). The A/C electric compressor allows for A/C operation to continue even when the vehicle is in full electric mode and the gasoline engine is not running.

Externally Controlled Variable Displacement Compressor

NOTE: Proper A/C system diagnosis on a vehicle's compressor is dependent on correct refrigerant system charge and tested in ambient temperatures above 21.1°C (70°F).

Variable displacement compressor internals are similar to fixed displacement compressors. The pistons are placed around an angled plate (swash plate) and are pushed back and forth as the plate rotates. Variable displacement compressors vary the swash plate angle to allow piston displacement to vary from 5% (default) to 100% of full capacity to meet cooling demand.

The externally controlled variable displacement compressor has the following characteristics:

• non-serviceable shaft seal.
• a non-serviceable pressure relief valve installed in the rear of the compressor to protect the refrigerant system against excessively high refrigerant pressures.
• Refer to Specifications in Group 412 for the appropriate refrigerant and refrigerant oil. This oil contains special additives required for the A/C compressor. The oil may have some slightly dark-colored streaks while maintaining normal oil viscosity. This is normal for this A/C compressor because of break-in wear that can discolor the oil.

The piston displacement of the externally controlled variable displacement compressor is controlled by a PWM signal from the PCM which electronically drives the control valve. The control valve drives the crankcase pressure and thus the swash plate angle. The externally controlled variable displacement compressor achieves precise cooling capability based on the cabin temperature and driving conditions, resulting in the target evaporator core temperature. The target evaporator core temperature range for the EATC system is 3-8°C (37.4-46.4°F); 3-5°C (37.4-41°F) for the EMTC system.

The PCM pulse width modulates the ground to the externally controlled variable displacement compressor control valve to change the displacement of the A/C compressor by changing the swash plate angle based on the following items:

• Ambient air temperature
• Engine RPM
• Evaporator temperature
• High side and low side A/C pressures
• Temperature and mode settings of the climate control head

Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)

The Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) is located at the evaporator core inlet and outlet tubes at the center rear of the engine compartment. The Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) provides a restriction to the flow of refrigerant and separates the low-pressure and high-pressure sides of the refrigerant system. Refrigerant entering and exiting the evaporator core passes through the Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) through 2 separate flow paths. An internal temperature sensing bulb senses the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator core and adjusts an internal pin-type valve to meter the refrigerant flow into the evaporator core. The internal pin-type valve decreases the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator core at lower temperatures and increases the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator core at higher temperatures.

A/C Condenser

The A/C condenser is an aluminum fin-and-tube design heat exchanger. It cools compressed refrigerant gas by allowing air to pass over fins and tubes to extract heat, and condenses gas to liquid refrigerant as it is cooled.

Receiver Drier

The receiver drier stores high-pressure liquid and the desiccant bag mounted inside the receiver drier removes any retained moisture from the refrigerant.

For 2.5L Duratec engine equipped vehicles, the receiver drier is incorporated into the LH side of the A/C condenser. The receiver drier element is a separate component and can be removed and installed with the A/C condenser in the vehicle.

For 1.5L and 2.0L EcoBoost engine equipped vehicles, the receiver drier is externally mounted to the LH side of the condenser core.

Blower Motor Control Module

The blower motor and the blower motor speed control are combined into one assembly called the blower motor control module. The blower motor pulls air from the air inlet and forces it into the climate control housing and the plenum chamber where it is mixed and distributed. The blower motor speed control uses a PWM signal from the HVAC Control Module to determine the desired blower speed and varies the ground feed for the blower motor to control the speed.

Evaporator Core

The evaporator core is an aluminum tube and fin type and is located in the climate control housing. A mixture of liquid refrigerant and oil enters the evaporator core through the evaporator core inlet tube and continues out of the evaporator core through the evaporator core outlet tube as a vapor. During A/C compressor operation, airflow from the blower motor is cooled and dehumidified as it flows through the evaporator core fins.

Heater Core

The heater core consists of fins and tubes arranged to extract heat from the engine coolant and transfer it to air passing through the heater core.

Climate Control Housing

The climate control housing directs airflow from the blower motor through the evaporator core and heater core. All airflow from the blower motor passes through the evaporator core. The airflow is then directed through or around the heater core by the temperature doors. After passing through the heater core, the airflow is distributed to the selected outlet by the airflow mode doors.

Cabin Heater Coolant Pump (If equipped)

The cabin heater coolant pump is utilized to circulate coolant though the vehicles cooling system based on certain vehicle demands. During low engine speeds the pump increases heater core flow that the main engine coolant pump provides. The specific RPM threshold varies based on the ambient and coolant temperatures. It also supplies coolant flow during an auto start - stop condition to maintain the cabin temperature when the cabin heat is turned on. The pump also turns on in response to high engine oil temperatures and increases the flow through the oil cooler to reduce the oil temperature. The pump is commanded on by the PCM .

A/C Pressure Transducer

The PCM monitors the discharge pressure measured by the A/C pressure transducer. As the refrigerant pressure changes, the resistance of the A/C pressure transducer changes. It is not necessary to recover the refrigerant before removing the A/C pressure transducer.

A 5-volt reference voltage is supplied to the A/C pressure transducer from the PCM . The A/C pressure transducer receives a ground from the PCM . The A/C pressure transducer then sends a voltage to the PCM to indicate the A/C refrigerant pressure.

In-Vehicle Air Quality Particulate Sensor (if equipped)

The in-vehicle air quality particulate sensor is an input to the HVAC control module. When pollution and bad odors coming from the internal environment are detected, the air inlet door automatically opens.

In-Vehicle Temperature and Humidity Sensor (if equipped)

The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor is an input to the HVAC control module. The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor contains a thermistor and a sensing element which separately measures the in-vehicle air temperature and the humidity. The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor has an electric fan within the sensor that draws in-vehicle air across the two sensing elements. The HVAC control module may adjust the air inlet door based on the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor information to maintain the desired humidity of the passenger cabin air.

Sunload Sensor

The sunload sensor supplies information to the HVAC control module indicating the intensity of the sun on the vehicle. The HVAC control module compensates high sun load with higher blower speed and reduced discharge temperatures.

Air Discharge Temperature Sensors

There are 4 air discharge temperature sensors in the DATC system:

• Driver side footwell air discharge temperature sensor
• Driver side register air discharge temperature sensor
• Passenger side footwell air discharge temperature sensor
• Passenger side register air discharge temperature sensor

The air discharge temperature sensors contain a thermistor and are inputs to the HVAC control module. The sensors vary their resistance with the temperature. As the temperature rises, the resistance falls. As the temperature falls, the resistance rises. The HVAC control module uses the sensor information to maintain the desired temperature of the passenger cabin air.

Air Distribution Door Actuator

The air distribution door actuator contains a reversible electric motor and a potentiometer. The potentiometer allows the HVAC control module to monitor the position of the airflow mode door.

Air Inlet Door Actuator

The air inlet door actuator contains a reversible electric motor and a potentiometer. The potentiometer allows the HVAC control module to monitor the position of the airflow mode door. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the door to the position set by the recirculation button and when the MAX A/C, Defrost or MAX Defrost buttons are selected.

Driver Side Temperature Door Actuator

The DATC system has two temperature door actuators. The temperature door actuator contains a reversible electric motor and potentiometer. The potentiometer allows the HVAC control module to monitor the position of the temperature blend door.

Passenger Side Temperature Door Actuator

The DATC system has two temperature door actuators. The temperature door actuator contains a reversible electric motor and potentiometer. The potentiometer allows the HVAC control module to monitor the position of the temperature blend door.

Evaporator Temperature Sensor

The evaporator temperature sensor contains a thermistor. Sensor resistance varies with evaporator temperature. As the temperature rises, the resistance falls. As the temperature falls, the resistance rises. The evaporator temperature sensor is an input to the HVAC control module and the information is relayed to the PCM over the HS-CAN . If the temperature is below approximately 2°C (35.6°F), the PCM does not allow the A/C compressor clutch to engage.

Service Gauge Port Valves

The service gauge port fitting is an integral part of the refrigerant line or component.

• Prior to leak testing, blow air over service gauge port valves to insure an accurate test.
• Special couplings are required for both the high-side and low-side service gauge ports.
• A very small amount of leakage around the Schrader-type valve with the service gauge port valve cap removed is considered normal. Install a new Schrader-type valve core if the seal leaks excessively.
• The A/C service gauge port valve caps are used as primary seals in the refrigerant system to prevent leakage through the Schrader-type valves from reaching the atmosphere. Always install and tighten the A/C service gauge port valve caps to the correct torque after they are removed.
• Follow the procedure and the notes for electronic leak testing. REFER to the appropriate procedure in General Procedures.

Refrigerant System Dye

NOTE: Check for leaks using a Rotunda-approved UV lamp and dye enhancing glasses.

A fluorescent refrigerant system dye wafer is added to the receiver drier desiccant bag at the factory to assist in refrigerant system leak diagnosis. This fluorescent dye wafer dissolves after about 30 minutes of continuous A/C operation. It is not necessary to add additional dye to the refrigerant system before diagnosing leaks, even if a significant amount of refrigerant has been removed from the system. REFER to the appropriate procedure in General Procedures.

Replacement desiccant bags, either separately or part of the receiver drier assembly, are equipped with a new fluorescent dye wafer. It is not necessary to add additional dye to the refrigerant system before diagnosing leaks. If the system has been out of refrigerant through the winter the dye at the leak point may have oxidized and may not fluoresce. If this happens, recharge and operate the A/C system to circulate the oil and allow any residual dye to show up at the leak point. It is important to understand that dye adheres to the oil not the refrigerant; the refrigerant carries the oil out of the leak point.

Electric Booster Heater System

For system operation and component description information on the electric booster heater.
Refer to: Supplemental Climate Control - System Operation and Component Description (412-03 Supplemental Climate Control, Description and Operation).

Cabin Coolant Heater For Supplemental Climate Control

For system operation and component description information on the cabin coolant heater for supplemental climate control for hybrid vehicles.
Refer to: Supplemental Climate Control - System Operation and Component Description (412-03 Supplemental Climate Control, Description and Operation).